Brutalism vs International Style

Brutalism evolved from International Style — pushed modernist material honesty toward raw concrete monumentality.

Barbican Estate, London — Brutalism

Brutalism

Raw concrete made monumental — massive, sculptural, honest-to-materials buildings that wear their structure on the outside.

  • Exposed, raw board-marked concrete
  • Massive, blocky, monolithic forms
  • Sculptural, often repetitive modular geometry
  • Honest expression of structure and services
  • Deep recesses producing strong light and shadow
Full Brutalism guide →
Seagram Building, New York — International Style

International Style

The austere, functional modernism of glass curtain walls and unornamented volumes — 'form follows function' built in steel and glass.

  • Rectilinear, volumetric forms with flat roofs
  • Glass curtain walls and ribbon windows
  • No applied ornament — 'form follows function'
  • Exposed structural grid; steel and reinforced concrete
  • Open, flexible floor plans raised on pilotis in some works
Full International Style guide →

At a glance

BrutalismInternational Style
Era1950s–1970s1920s–1970s
DisciplineArchitectureArchitecture
RegionUnited Kingdom, WorldwideGermany, Worldwide
FamilyModernismModernism
Formal traitsmonumental, raw-concrete, geometric, massivegeometric, minimal, functional, unornamented

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