A visual style reference

Know the style when you see it.

Design Style Book is a visual reference for the world's design styles — what defines each one, when and where it appeared, the real work that shows it best, and the words to describe it.

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Palace of Westminster, London — Gothic Revival1740s–1900s

Gothic Revival

A 19th-century revival of medieval Gothic forms — pointed arches, soaring verticality, and rich ornament — applied to churches, universities, and civic landmarks.

RevivalHistoricist
Grand Central Terminal (42nd St facade), New York — Beaux-Arts1830s–1900s

Beaux-Arts

A grand, symmetrical classicism taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris — monumental facades layered with sculpture, columns, and richly worked stone.

RevivalClassical
Casa Batlló, Barcelona — Art Nouveau (Catalan Modernisme)1890–1910

Art Nouveau

A short-lived but radical style of flowing, organic line — whiplash curves, plant and vine motifs, and ornament fused with structure.

Art Nouveau
Fire Extinguisher Mfg. Co. advertising poster, c. 1890 — Victorian chromolithograph1840s–1900

Victorian Graphic Design

A dense, polychrome commercial idiom built on chromolithography, crowding trade cards and advertisements with ornate borders, layered display faces, and saturated color.

VictorianOrnamental
The Kelmscott Chaucer (1896) — William Morris, Kelmscott Press1860s–1900s

Arts & Crafts Book Design

A reform movement in book design led by William Morris's Kelmscott Press, reviving dense medieval page architecture with hand-drawn borders, woodcut ornament, and unified type-and-image craft.

Arts & CraftsRevival
Alphonse Mucha — JOB cigarette papers poster (1896)1890–1910

Art Nouveau (Graphic)

The poster and print language of the Belle Époque — sinuous 'whiplash' line, idealized women wreathed in flowers and flowing hair, ornamental borders, and hand-drawn lettering fused into a single decorative whole.

Art NouveauBelle Époque
Type specimen — Humanist (Venetian) Serif (Serif family); set in Cormorant (OFL)1460s–1490s

Humanist (Venetian) Serif

The earliest roman printing types, cut in Renaissance Italy to imitate the humanist scribal hand. Warm, sturdy, and unmistakably pen-formed, with a strongly slanted stress and a sloping crossbar on the lowercase e.

Serif
Type specimen — Garalde (Old-style) (Old-style serif); set in EB Garamond (OFL)1490s–1700s

Garalde (Old-style)

The classic old-style serif — humanist roots refined by Aldus Manutius and the French punchcutters, with moderate stroke contrast, bracketed serifs, and an inclined stress that recalls the broad-nib pen.

Serif
Type specimen — Transitional Serif (Serif family); set in Libre Baskerville (OFL)1690s–1790s

Transitional Serif

The bridge between the pen-formed old-styles and the rationalist Didones. Contrast sharpens and the axis swings toward vertical, yielding crisper, more even letterforms still warmed by bracketed serifs.

Serif
Thonet bentwood chair, MAK Vienna1850s–1900s

Thonet Bentwood

Mass-produced furniture of steam-bent solid beech pioneered by Michael Thonet — light, cheap, knock-down chairs like the iconic No. 14 that put industrial production at the service of an elegant, minimal line.

BentwoodMachine Age
Shaker production rocking chair No. 7, Mt. Lebanon, 1878–1910 (Cooper Hewitt)1790s–1860s

Shaker Furniture

Furniture made by the Shaker religious communities — spare ladder-back chairs, peg-rail storage, and built-ins whose honesty, light weight, and total absence of ornament made utility itself the only decoration.

Vernacular CraftProto-Functionalist
'Sussex' rush-seated armchair, Morris & Co., c. 1865 (Montreal MFA)1860s–1910s

Arts and Crafts Product

British furniture and household objects reviving honest handcraft as a moral answer to shoddy industrial goods — vernacular forms, visible joinery, and the truthful use of oak, rush, and hammered metal led by William Morris.

Craft RevivalVernacular
Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), Château de Versailles1600s–1750

Baroque Interior

The theatrical court interior of absolutist Europe — grand enfilades dripping with gilt, marble, ceiling frescoes and mirror, staged for awe.

BaroqueCourt styles
Hall of Mirrors, Amalienburg, Munich (Cuvilliés, 1734–39)1715–1770

Rococo Interior

The intimate, asymmetric French salon of the Louis XV era — pastel boiserie, gilded scrollwork, shellwork curves and mirrored grace.

RococoCourt styles
Robert Adam interior at Osterley Park, London1760s–1830

Neoclassical Interior

The ordered, antiquity-inspired interior that swept away Rococo — symmetrical rooms with classical orders, urns, swags and restrained color.

NeoclassicismClassical Revival
Lotte Reiniger, 'The Adventures of Prince Achmed' (1926)1919–present

Silhouette Animation

An animation technique using jointed black cut-out figures shot in flat profile against backlit translucent backgrounds, producing graceful shadow-theater motion in pure silhouette.

AnimationCut-out
Original specimen evoking the Golden Age Cel Animation look1937–1967

Golden Age Cel Animation

The lush hand-painted cel animation of the classic Hollywood studios, defined by full fluid motion, painted backgrounds, multiplane depth, and warm storybook color.

AnimationHand-drawn
Mickey Mouse in 'Steamboat Willie' (1928)1920s–1930s

Rubber Hose Animation

The earliest American cartoon style, with bendy boneless limbs, pie-cut eyes, white-gloved hands, and bouncy rhythmic motion, drawn in simple black-and-white rounded shapes.

AnimationCartoon
Original illustration evoking the Blackwork look2000s–present

Blackwork

A bold, ink-heavy tattoo style built entirely from solid black areas and dense graphic patterning, with roots in tribal and ethnographic tattooing.

Blackwork
Original illustration evoking the Dotwork look1990s–present

Dotwork

A tattoo technique that builds shading and tone entirely from thousands of individual black dots, creating soft gradients and luminous geometric patterns.

Blackwork
Original illustration evoking the Geometric look2000s–present

Geometric

A precise tattoo style composed of crisp lines, triangles, hexagons, and repeated shapes arranged into balanced symmetrical constructions.

Blackwork